明初十分注重海外經營,明成祖曾多次遣使各國,「鄭和下西洋」在當時蔚為盛事,不僅使中國聲威遠播,擴展對外的通商貿易,同時也激發中國移民海外的興趣,奠定華僑在南洋一帶的發展基礎;另外,值得一提的是,鄭和的航行也是世界航海史上偉大的紀錄,據記載,鄭和最後一次航行時間就比世界著名航海家哥倫布的航海活動早六十年。明中葉以後,內政敗壞已極,神宗怠於政事,熹宗又縱容宦官結黨亂政,嚴重地加深明末的危機,再則,明朝自「土木之變」後,就飽受異族侵擾:韃靼犯境、倭寇猖獗,繼之又有滿州寇邊問題,加上天災賦重,各地農民也如火如荼地爆發起義,外亂內鬨之下,以致明朝無法全力對付滿人、平定內亂,最後李自成首先攻入北京,崇禎帝自縊,明朝的統治政權終告結束。
1 of 1 copy available
1 of 1 copy available
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September 1, 2022 -
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OverDrive Read
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Languages
- Chinese
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